People As Resource Class 9th Economics CBSE Solution

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

Story of Sakal

There were two friends named Vilas and Sakal. They both lived in the same village named Semapur. Sakal was twelve years old boy and his mother Sheela looked after domestic works. His father name was Buta Chaudhary, who worked in an agricultural field. Sakal used to help his mother in domestic works and besides helping his mother he looked after his younger siblings Jeetu and Seetu. His uncle had passed matriculation but he had no job he sat idle at home. So Sakal’s mother and father wanted him to study very carefully. They forced him to join the school in the village and he joined. As per his parents’ wish he started studying and completed his higher secondary examination, after this his father persuaded him to continue his studies. He applied for a loan for Sakal’s study in computer. He was very hardworking and interested in studies from the very beginning. So as his higher secondary examination he completed his vocational course and got a job in a private firm. He designed new kind of softwares which helped him to increase the sale of the firm. He was appreciated by his boss all the time and got promotion.

Story of Vilas

Vilas was a boy of eleven years living in the same village as Sakal. His father was a fisherman. Suddenly, his father passed away when Vilas was only two years old. After his father’s death his mother Geeta started selling fish to earn and to feed the family. She bought fish from the landowner’s pond and sold it in the nearby mandi, by which she could earn only Rs. 20 to 30 a day. Vilas became a patient of arthritis and his mother could not afford to take him to a doctor because of their poverty. Because of being the patient he could not go to school and was not interested in studied as his friend Sakal was. He used to help his mother in cooking and also looked after his younger brother Mohan. One day his mother fell ill and there was no one to look after her, there was no one to support them. So in this situation Vilas was forced to sell fish in the same village as his parents did. Like his mother and father he earned very little money.

Do you notice any difference between the two friends? What are these?

Answer:

Yes, many differences can be noticed between these two friends.

Difference between Sakal and Vilas

Let's Discuss Pg-21

Question 1.

Study the graph and answer the following questions:

1. Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?

2. In which year India has the highest literacy rates?

3. Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?

4. Why are women less educated than men?

5. How would you calculate literacy rate in India?

6. What is your projection about India's literacy rate in 2010?

Answer:

1. Yes, the literacy rates of the population have increased from 18% in 1951 to 74% in 2010-11. Literacy is not only a right, it is also needed if the citizens are to perform their duties and enjoy their rights properly. A vast difference is noticed across different sections of population. Literacy among males is higher than females and in urban areas higher then rural areas.

2. In 2001, India has the highest literacy rates; however, literacy rates vary from state to state.

3. Literacy rate is high among the males of India because of the comparative regularity in males’ education system. Women are not preferred to be given education in many places because of erred social and economic beliefs.

4. Women are less educated than men because their education is not in regular form and sometimes no education is provided them at all. Being a male dominated society, it is still considered in some areas that literacy is not that important for women and only men need it; especially in the rural areas.

5. In India literacy rate is calculated by dividing the number of literate persons with total population and multiplied by 100. Literacy rate refers that how many people in a country or state are there who are literate and remaining is total population which includes all whether the person is literate or not.

6. 80% in 2010 is India’s literacy rate according to my projection. If literacy rates will rise to 80% then it can be considered a vast change in the field of education. It will help people in many ways like in improving living standard, maintaining hygiene and other things.

Let's Discuss Pg-23

Question 1.

Study the table and answer the following questions

Health infrastructure over the years

SC: Sub Centre, PHC: Primary Health Centre, CHC: Community Health Centre. Source: National Health Policy

1. What is the percentage increase in dispensaries and hospitals from 2010 to 2013?

2. What is the percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 2010 to 2013?

3. Do you think the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is adequate for India? If not, why?

4. What other facilities would you like to provide in a hospital?

5. Discuss about the hospital you have visited.

Answer:

1. Percentage increase in dispensaries and hospitals from 2010 to 2013 is

2. Percentage increase in doctors and nursing personnel from 2010 to 2013 is

3. No, the increase in the number of doctors and nurses are not adequate for India because the rate at which population has grown in the last half century easily outnumbers it. This number is important because a healthy ratio between the available medical facilities and the patients needs to be maintained. The numbers of medical professionals has failed to match the requirement because of the fact that education has not been able to be available to a major portion of the population.

4. Other facilities that I would like to provide in a hospital are as follows:

(I) X-ray machines (II) Ambulance (III) Advance equipments (IV) Mobile and health checkup van. (V) Ultrasound (VI) MRI (VII) Nutritive food (VIII) Awareness about family planning.

5. I have visited the government hospital nearby my residential area. Over there I found:

i. Long queues of patients because of the lack of doctors and shortage of nurses.

ii. Unavailability of requisite medicines for several basic ailments.

iii. Poor hygiene and improper disposal of medical waste.

iv. The power backup facility was not up to the mark.

Question 2.

Discuss this table in the classroom and answer the following questions:

Number of Institutions of Higher Education, Enrolment and Faculty

Source: UGC Annual Report 1996-97 and 1998-99 and Selected Educational Statistics, Ministry of HRD.

1. Is the increase in number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of students?

2. Do you think we should have more number of universities?

3. What is the increase noticed among the teachers in the year 1998-99?

4. What is your idea about future colleges and universities?

Answer:

1. No, the increase in number of colleges is not adequate to admit the increasing number of students, because the percentage in which the number of students have increased is far greater than the comparative increase in the number of colleges. Also, as the number of colleges is small, maintaining a healthy student-teacher ratio is a challenge.

2. Yes, we should have more number of universities to raise the level of higher education in India. The students who have attained education on the primary and secondary levels require to be trained in the vocational courses, which makes it essential to have an ample number of universities to accommodate the rising number of students.

3. The increase is noticed among the teachers in the year 1998-1999 is 3, 18,000(3, 42,000-24,000). This increase is important to note as the number of students rose to a great extent by 1998-99 and thus to manage a healthy student-teacher ratio is important beyond discussion.

4. The number of colleges and universities are required to increase both in quantity as well as quality standards. This means that while the new colleges must have new and advanced courses, the older institutes must also be updated in order to cater to the increasing number of students. The future colleges and universities must make it a point to recruit able and willing teaching as well as support staff to ensure that the quality of education keeps on enhancing.

Exercise

Question 1.

What do you understand by "people as a resource'?

Answer:

It refers to the fact that the human beings are assets for an economy and they are the working capital having different productive skills and abilities. People as a resource contribute to the creation of the National Product. Growing population may be considered as the positive aspect and a factor of production if people work in an efficient manner so that they are able to contribute to the national growth and development. The population of a country becomes human capital when there is an investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

Question 2.

How is human resource different from other resources like, land and physical capital?

Answer:

Difference between human resource and other resources:

Knowledge

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