Class 12th India People And Economy CBSE Solution
Exercises- Which is not a factor of industrial location? Choose the right answer from the four…
- The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was: Choose the right…
- The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because: Choose the right answer…
- The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is: Choose the right answer from the four…
- Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar: Choose the right…
- Why do you think that the iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development…
- Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different? Answer the…
- Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry? Answer the following questions in about 30…
- What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry? Name some of the products of…
- What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India? Answer the…
- How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry? Answer…
- What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? How have they…
- Which is not a factor of industrial location? Choose the right answer from the four…
- The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was: Choose the right…
- The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because: Choose the right answer…
- The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is: Choose the right answer from the four…
- Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar: Choose the right…
- Why do you think that the iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development…
- Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different? Answer the…
- Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry? Answer the following questions in about 30…
- What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry? Name some of the products of…
- What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India? Answer the…
- How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry? Answer…
- What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? How have they…
Exercises
Question 1.Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.Which is not a factor of industrial location?
A. Market
B. Capital
C. Population Density
D. Power
Answer:Industrial location favours proximity to market (option A), accessibility of power (option D) and availability of capital (option B).
Population density is not a preferred characteristic for industrial location as industries tend to be a source of pollution (noise, sound, air, water, and what not!) and, thus, inconvenience for habitants around.
Question 2.Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was:
A. IISCO
B. TISCO
C. Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works
D. Mysore Iron and Steel Works.
Answer:IISCOs history began with the setting of India’s first blast furnace at Kulti-Burnpur in 1870 and production began in 1874. Hence, IISCO is the earliest Iron and Steel Company in India.
Tata Iron and Steel Company, established in 1907 by Dorabji Tata, and is, therefore, not the earliest Iron and Steel Company in India.
Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works, which started operations with the name Mysore Iron and Steel Works in Karnataka, was founded in the year 1923.
Question 3.Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because:
A. Mumbai is a port
B. It is located near cotton growing area
C. Mumbai was the financial centre
D. All of the above.
Answer:Mumbai had several advantages as a cotton textile manufacturing centre.
• It was close to the cotton producing areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• Mumbai was then the financial capita, and the capital needed to start an industry was available there.
• Port facility enabled easy accessibility to raw cotton, as well as imported machinery.
Question 4.Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is:
A. Kolkata-Haora
B. Kolkata-Rishra
C. Kolkata-Medinipur
D. Kolkata-Konnagar
Answer:The cities Medinipur, Rishra and Konnagar are either further from the banks of the Hugli river, or are quite smaller to be an industrial nucleus region.
Question 5.Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar:
A. Maharashtra
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Punjab
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer:Maharashtra is the leading sugar producer state, and produces more than one-third of the total sugar production in the country.
Tamil Nadu and Punjab are minor sugar producing states in India.
Question 6.Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Why do you think that the iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development of any country?
Answer:Iron and steel industry is the basis to the industrial development of any country, since all the other sectors depend heavily on the iron and steel industry for their basic infrastructure.
Question 7.Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different?
Answer:Cottage industries can be divided into:
(a) Organised sector
(b) Decentralised sector
Decentralised sector includes cloth produced in handlooms and powerlooms.
Question 8.Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry?
Answer:The two sectors of cottage textile industry are the organised sector and the unorganised sector. The unorganised sector employs traditional methods and skilled artisans, whereas the organised sector works as any other modern industrial house.
Question 9.Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry? Name some of the products of this industry.
Answer:Crude petroleum is the raw material for the petrochemical industry. Major products of this industry are plastics and other polymers, synthetic fibres like nylon and polyester, etc.
Question 10.Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India?
Answer:The Information Technology (IT) revolution opened up new possibilities of economic and social transformation in India. IT and IT-enabled business process outsourcing services continue to be on a robust growth path. A major impact of this growth has been on employment creation, which has doubled almost every year.
Question 11.Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry?
Answer:Britishers came to India as traders, hence their motive in colonising India was purely commercial. During their rule, the British were successful in exterminating Indian manufacturing industries, be it textiles, or any sector to aid their dominance. Thus, from being a net exporter to the world, India became a suppler of raw material to the British and consumer of finished goods made in (industrial) Britain. The Britishers made their way not just into the material aspects of Indian life but also into the minds of the people. Everything British was considered of a higher standard, elite and modern, especially by the wealthy. Both Indian psyche and physique were turning western. The colonial powers held to India by the argument, India cannot be a nation without the British help.
The Swadeshi movement began in Bengal in 1905, when Viceroy Curzon partitioned it. This was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British from power and improving the economic conditions in India by following the principles of self-reliance. The movement, thus, involved the boycotting British products and production processes and the revival of domestic products and production processes. This movement was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movements.
The movement rose to new heights under the leadership of Gandhi, who was accompanied by far-sighted Indian industrialists. The movement gave these industrialists an opportunity to utilise the patriotic fervour in their advantage. Cotton textile industry, among others, were one of the major beneficiaries of this wave of patriotism as people began to switch to Indian-made products like khadi with pride. This surge in demand led to an expansion of the cotton textile industry, and soon cotton mills were found all over India, as they became location independent.
Question 12.Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? How have they helped industrial development in India?
Answer:The leaders of free India, after Independence, recognised the importance of planned growth for India, as centuries of colonial rule had left her in much ruins and regional chaos. The plan was to achieve import-substitution led industrialisation. The Indian economy, thus, followed a socialist mode of growth, with the state controlling and planning the allocation of resources, much until the early 1990s when the economy ran into gross imbalances.
The economy required serious reform measures to correct it and orient it towards the market forces. Thus, was born the New Industrial Policy in 1991. The policy document aimed at reducing the inefficiencies, creating space for private initiatives and attain international competitiveness. The measure initiated were:
•
• abolition of industrial licensing
• free entry to foreign technology
• foreign investment policy
• access to capital market
• open trade
• abolition of phased manufacturing programme, and
• liberalised industrial location programme
The policy, thus, had three dimensions: liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
The reform process helped industrial development by:
• Abolishing industrial licensing for all except six industries related to security, strategic and environmental concerns.
• Reducing the number of industries reserved for public sector from 17 (in 1956) to 4.
• Decision to offer a part of the shareholding in public enterprises to financial institutions, general public and workers.
• Scrapping of the threshold limits of assets and prior approval for investing in delicensed sector.
• Opened the economy to Foreign Direct Investment, which benefits the domestic industry by providing technological upgradation, access to global managerial skills and practices, optimum use of natural and human resources, etc.
• Introducing changes in the industrial location policies.
• Liberalising industrial policy to attract private investors both domestic and multi-nationals.
• Removing restrictions and obstacles to the entry of multinational companies in India.
• Allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaboration in India and encouraging them to set up joint-ventures abroad.
• Carrying out massive import liberalising programmes by switching over from qualitative restrictions to tariffs, and bringing down the level of import duties considerably.
These measures adopted in the 1991, primed the economy to face the challenges of the next century. Since the reforms, the economy grew at an impressive (average) rate of over 6% per annum, an impressive growth in comparison to other economies.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.Which is not a factor of industrial location?
A. Market
B. Capital
C. Population Density
D. Power
Answer:
Industrial location favours proximity to market (option A), accessibility of power (option D) and availability of capital (option B).
Population density is not a preferred characteristic for industrial location as industries tend to be a source of pollution (noise, sound, air, water, and what not!) and, thus, inconvenience for habitants around.
Question 2.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The earliest Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was:
A. IISCO
B. TISCO
C. Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works
D. Mysore Iron and Steel Works.
Answer:
IISCOs history began with the setting of India’s first blast furnace at Kulti-Burnpur in 1870 and production began in 1874. Hence, IISCO is the earliest Iron and Steel Company in India.
Tata Iron and Steel Company, established in 1907 by Dorabji Tata, and is, therefore, not the earliest Iron and Steel Company in India.
Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works, which started operations with the name Mysore Iron and Steel Works in Karnataka, was founded in the year 1923.
Question 3.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai because:
A. Mumbai is a port
B. It is located near cotton growing area
C. Mumbai was the financial centre
D. All of the above.
Answer:
Mumbai had several advantages as a cotton textile manufacturing centre.
• It was close to the cotton producing areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• Mumbai was then the financial capita, and the capital needed to start an industry was available there.
• Port facility enabled easy accessibility to raw cotton, as well as imported machinery.
Question 4.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.The nucleus of the Hugli Industrial Region is:
A. Kolkata-Haora
B. Kolkata-Rishra
C. Kolkata-Medinipur
D. Kolkata-Konnagar
Answer:
The cities Medinipur, Rishra and Konnagar are either further from the banks of the Hugli river, or are quite smaller to be an industrial nucleus region.
Question 5.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.Which one of the following is the second largest producer of sugar:
A. Maharashtra
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Punjab
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer:
Maharashtra is the leading sugar producer state, and produces more than one-third of the total sugar production in the country.
Tamil Nadu and Punjab are minor sugar producing states in India.
Question 6.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Why do you think that the iron and steel industry is basic to the industrial development of any country?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is the basis to the industrial development of any country, since all the other sectors depend heavily on the iron and steel industry for their basic infrastructure.
Question 7.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Name the two sectors of the cottage textile industries. How are they different?
Answer:
Cottage industries can be divided into:
(a) Organised sector
(b) Decentralised sector
Decentralised sector includes cloth produced in handlooms and powerlooms.
Question 8.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry?
Answer:
The two sectors of cottage textile industry are the organised sector and the unorganised sector. The unorganised sector employs traditional methods and skilled artisans, whereas the organised sector works as any other modern industrial house.
Question 9.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
What is the raw material base for the petrochemical industry? Name some of the products of this industry.
Answer:
Crude petroleum is the raw material for the petrochemical industry. Major products of this industry are plastics and other polymers, synthetic fibres like nylon and polyester, etc.
Question 10.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
What is the major impact of Information Technology (IT) revolution in India?
Answer:
The Information Technology (IT) revolution opened up new possibilities of economic and social transformation in India. IT and IT-enabled business process outsourcing services continue to be on a robust growth path. A major impact of this growth has been on employment creation, which has doubled almost every year.
Question 11.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
How did the Swadeshi movement give a major impetus to the cotton textiles industry?
Answer:
Britishers came to India as traders, hence their motive in colonising India was purely commercial. During their rule, the British were successful in exterminating Indian manufacturing industries, be it textiles, or any sector to aid their dominance. Thus, from being a net exporter to the world, India became a suppler of raw material to the British and consumer of finished goods made in (industrial) Britain. The Britishers made their way not just into the material aspects of Indian life but also into the minds of the people. Everything British was considered of a higher standard, elite and modern, especially by the wealthy. Both Indian psyche and physique were turning western. The colonial powers held to India by the argument, India cannot be a nation without the British help.
The Swadeshi movement began in Bengal in 1905, when Viceroy Curzon partitioned it. This was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British from power and improving the economic conditions in India by following the principles of self-reliance. The movement, thus, involved the boycotting British products and production processes and the revival of domestic products and production processes. This movement was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movements.
The movement rose to new heights under the leadership of Gandhi, who was accompanied by far-sighted Indian industrialists. The movement gave these industrialists an opportunity to utilise the patriotic fervour in their advantage. Cotton textile industry, among others, were one of the major beneficiaries of this wave of patriotism as people began to switch to Indian-made products like khadi with pride. This surge in demand led to an expansion of the cotton textile industry, and soon cotton mills were found all over India, as they became location independent.
Question 12.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
What do you understand by liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? How have they helped industrial development in India?
Answer:
The leaders of free India, after Independence, recognised the importance of planned growth for India, as centuries of colonial rule had left her in much ruins and regional chaos. The plan was to achieve import-substitution led industrialisation. The Indian economy, thus, followed a socialist mode of growth, with the state controlling and planning the allocation of resources, much until the early 1990s when the economy ran into gross imbalances.
The economy required serious reform measures to correct it and orient it towards the market forces. Thus, was born the New Industrial Policy in 1991. The policy document aimed at reducing the inefficiencies, creating space for private initiatives and attain international competitiveness. The measure initiated were:
•
• abolition of industrial licensing
• free entry to foreign technology
• foreign investment policy
• access to capital market
• open trade
• abolition of phased manufacturing programme, and
• liberalised industrial location programme
The policy, thus, had three dimensions: liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
The reform process helped industrial development by:
• Abolishing industrial licensing for all except six industries related to security, strategic and environmental concerns.
• Reducing the number of industries reserved for public sector from 17 (in 1956) to 4.
• Decision to offer a part of the shareholding in public enterprises to financial institutions, general public and workers.
• Scrapping of the threshold limits of assets and prior approval for investing in delicensed sector.
• Opened the economy to Foreign Direct Investment, which benefits the domestic industry by providing technological upgradation, access to global managerial skills and practices, optimum use of natural and human resources, etc.
• Introducing changes in the industrial location policies.
• Liberalising industrial policy to attract private investors both domestic and multi-nationals.
• Removing restrictions and obstacles to the entry of multinational companies in India.
• Allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaboration in India and encouraging them to set up joint-ventures abroad.
• Carrying out massive import liberalising programmes by switching over from qualitative restrictions to tariffs, and bringing down the level of import duties considerably.
These measures adopted in the 1991, primed the economy to face the challenges of the next century. Since the reforms, the economy grew at an impressive (average) rate of over 6% per annum, an impressive growth in comparison to other economies.
