Question 1:
Identify me.
a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to?
b. My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I am referred to as fish though I am not. What is my name?
c. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
d. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of my phylum?
ANSWER:
a. I belong to the phylum Cnidaria.
b. I belong to the phylum Echinodermata and my name is Star fish/Asterias.
c. You belong to the phylum Aschelminthes and your name is Ascaris.
d. The name of phylum is Porifera.
Question 2:
Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of classification chart.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
ANSWER:
Question 3:
Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.
ANSWER:
There are various scientists which have contributed to biological classification and based on their observations we have the current system of classification:
-
Aristotle (384-322 BC): Also known as the father of classification, he classified animals on the basis of two points: presence or absence of blood, wether they live on land, air or water.
-
Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778): Also known as the father of taxonomy, he classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
-
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919): He proposed the three kingdom classification- Plantae, Animalia and Protista.
-
Robert Whitakker (1920-1980): He gave the five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
-
Carl Woose (1928-2012): He gave the classification where he classified all the organisms into three categories- Eukarya domain, Bacteria domain and Archaea domain.
Aristotle (384-322 BC): Also known as the father of classification, he classified animals on the basis of two points: presence or absence of blood, wether they live on land, air or water.
Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778): Also known as the father of taxonomy, he classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919): He proposed the three kingdom classification- Plantae, Animalia and Protista.
Robert Whitakker (1920-1980): He gave the five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Carl Woose (1928-2012): He gave the classification where he classified all the organisms into three categories- Eukarya domain, Bacteria domain and Archaea domain.
Question 4:
What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? Explain with examples.
ANSWER:
Grades of organization:
We know that all organisms are made up of cells out of which some organisms may be unicellular while some may be multicellular. Grade of organisation refers to the levels in which the cells are arranged. There are different grades of organisation like:
Cellular level of organization: It is a loose aggregation of cells in which the cells are functionally different from one another.
Tissue level of organization: In this, different cells performing similar functions are arranged into tissues.
Organ level of organization: Here, different tissues are organized into organs and each organ is specialized for a particular function.
Members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular and all of them exhibit the different pattern of organisation of cells. The different levels of organization are as follows:
-
Cellular level of organization (Example: Porifera)
-
Tissue level of organization (Example: Coelenterata)
-
Organ level of organization (Example: Platyhelminthes)
-
Organ system level of organization (Examples: Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and chordates)
Symmetry is a characteristic through which animals may be distinguished from each other. Animals that can be divided into two identical halves in one plane exhibit bilateral symmetry. Animals that can be divided into many identical parts exhibit radial symmetry. Animals that cannot be divided into identical parts are asymmetric. If the body of an animal can be divided into two equal parts by any plane, it is said to be symmetrical.
(i) Animals showing radial symmetry − Hydra and sea anemone
(ii) Animals showing bilateral symmetry − Human beings and prawn
Cellular level of organization (Example: Porifera)
Tissue level of organization (Example: Coelenterata)
Organ level of organization (Example: Platyhelminthes)
Organ system level of organization (Examples: Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and chordates)
Question 5:
Answer in brief.
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class.
b. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata.
c. Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguishing properties.
d. To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific reasons.
ANSWER:
a. The classification of shark is as follows:
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Sub- phylum- Vertebrata
Class- Chondrichthyes
b. Characteristic features of Echinodermata are:
-
they are called echinoderms because calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals.
-
their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines/ossicles (plates).
-
they show radial symmetry in adult stage whereas they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage.
-
these animals have the ability of regeneration.
-
they are found only in oceans.
c.
d. Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. It shows all the features which are characteristic of this phylum:
-
it shows the presence of jointed appendages
-
it is triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented
-
it has chitinous exoskeleton around its body
-
it respires with the help of tracheal system
they are called echinoderms because calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals.
their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines/ossicles (plates).
they show radial symmetry in adult stage whereas they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage.
these animals have the ability of regeneration.
they are found only in oceans.
it shows the presence of jointed appendages
it is triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented
it has chitinous exoskeleton around its body
it respires with the help of tracheal system
Question 6:
Give scientific reasons.
a. Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class- Amphibia.
b. Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jellyfish.
c. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
d. Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates & chordates.
e. Body temperature of reptiles in not constant.
ANSWER:
a. Tortoise belongs to the class reptilia and does not show any characteristic which is similar to the class amphibia except that it can live in both land and water. There are certain characteristics which are common to the amphibians which are not applicable for reptiles. For example: amphibians have moist skin, neck is absent, external ear is in the form of tympanum whereas reptiles have dry and scaly skin, neck is present and external ear is absent. So, we can say that tortoise is a reptile and not an amphibian based on the above characteristics.
b. Jelly fish has special cells on its tentacles called cnidoblasts. These cnidoblasts contain toxins which is a protective mechanism shown by organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
On touching the jelly fish, this toxin is released which results in irritating of the body.
c. The members of Vertebrates possess notochord during embryonic development. Thus, all vertebrates are chordates. However, the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult. Thus, all chordates are not vertebrates.
d. Balanoglossus is considered a connecting link between chordates and non chordates because it shows characteristics which are present in both the phylums. For example, Balanoglossus shows the presence of notochord and pharyngeal gill slits which is a characteristic feature of chordates. It also shows the presence of heart which is dorsal just like non chordates.
e. Reptiles are cold blooded organisms or poikilotherms which means they are not able to regulate their body temperatures. Their body temperatures change with the change in the temperature of the environment. For example, if the outer temperature rises their body temperature also rises and vice or versa. This can be explained from the observation that when the temperatures drops, these reptiles bask themselves in the sun whereas when the temperatures are high, they would hide under the shades.
Question 7:
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.
a. Which special cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera)?
1. Collar cells
2. Cnidoblasts
3. Germ cells
4. Ectodermal cells
b. Which of the following animal's body shows bilateral symmetry?
1. Star fish
2. Jelly fish
3. Earthworm
4. Sponge
c. Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach
2. Frog
3. Sparrow
4. Star fish
d. Bat is included in which class?
1. Amphibia
2. Reptilia
3. Aves
4. Mammalia
ANSWER:
a. Collar cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera).
b. Earthworm shows bilateral symmetry.
c. Star fish can regenerate it’s broken body part.
d. Bat is included in the class Mammalia.
Question 8:
Complete the following chart.
ANSWER:
Question 9:
Complete the following chart.
ANSWER:
Question 10:
Sketch, label and classify
Hydra, Jellyfish, Planaria, Roundworm, Butterfly, Earthworm, Octopus, Star fish, Shark, Frog, Wall lizard, Pigeon.
ANSWER:
Classification:
1. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Arthropda
Genus- Rhopalocera
2. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Class- Aves
Genus- Columba
3. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Echinodermata
Genus- Asterias
4. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Platyhelmenthis
Genus- Planaria
5. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Class- Chondrichthyes
Genus- Isurus
6. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Amphibia
Genus- Rana
7. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Aschelminthes
Genus- Ascaris
8. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Coelenterata
Genus- Hydra
9. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Mollusca
Genus- Octpous
10. Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Choradata
Class- Reptilia
Genus- Hemidactylus
Question 11:
Label the following.
ANSWER:
