Chapter 1 - Laws Of Motion
Science And Technology Solutions for Class 9 Science
Question 1:
Match the first column with appropriate entries in the second and third columns and remake the table.
Match the first column with appropriate entries in the second and third columns and remake the table.
Answer:
Question 2:
Clarify the differences
A. Distance and displacement
B. Uniform and non-uniform motion.
Answer:
Question 3:
Complete the following table.
Answer:
Question 4:
Complete the sentences and explain them.
a. The minimum distance between the start and finish points of the motion of an object is called the ........... of the object.
b. Deceleration is -------- acceleration.
c. When an object is in uniform circular motion, its ......... changes at every point.
d. During collision ........... remains constant.
e. The working of a rocket depends on Newton’s ........ law of motion.
Answer:
a. The minimum distance between the start and finish points of the motion of an object is called the displacement of the object.
The shortest distance between the initial and final position of an object is displacement.
b. Deceleration is negative acceleration.
When a body is decelerating, it means its speed is decreasing speed. An acceleration with a negative also shows that the speed of the body is decreasing.
c. When an object is in uniform circular motion, its velocity changes at every point.
In a uniform circular motion, the direction of motion of the body changes at every instant of time. This continuous change in the direction of motion of the body at every instant accounts for the change in its velocity at every point to instant.
d. During collision momentum of the system remains constant.
When two bodies collide with each other as shown, action and reaction force comes into action i.e. two bodies exerts a force on each other.
e. The working of a rocket depends on Newton’s third law of motion.
The burning fuel inside the rocket creates a forward push on the rocket. This forward push creates an equal and opposite push on the exhaust gases. Thus, the working of a rocket depends on Newton’s third law of motion.
a. The minimum distance between the start and finish points of the motion of an object is called the ........... of the object.
b. Deceleration is -------- acceleration.
c. When an object is in uniform circular motion, its ......... changes at every point.
d. During collision ........... remains constant.
e. The working of a rocket depends on Newton’s ........ law of motion.
a. The minimum distance between the start and finish points of the motion of an object is called the displacement of the object.
The shortest distance between the initial and final position of an object is displacement.
b. Deceleration is negative acceleration.
When a body is decelerating, it means its speed is decreasing speed. An acceleration with a negative also shows that the speed of the body is decreasing.
c. When an object is in uniform circular motion, its velocity changes at every point.
In a uniform circular motion, the direction of motion of the body changes at every instant of time. This continuous change in the direction of motion of the body at every instant accounts for the change in its velocity at every point to instant.
d. During collision momentum of the system remains constant.
When two bodies collide with each other as shown, action and reaction force comes into action i.e. two bodies exerts a force on each other.
e. The working of a rocket depends on Newton’s third law of motion.
The burning fuel inside the rocket creates a forward push on the rocket. This forward push creates an equal and opposite push on the exhaust gases. Thus, the working of a rocket depends on Newton’s third law of motion.
Give scientific reasons.
a. When an object falls freely to the ground, its acceleration is uniform.
b. Even though the magnitudes of action force and reaction force are equal and their directions are opposite, their effects do not get cancelled.
c. It is easier to stop a tennis ball as compared to a cricket ball, when both are travelling with the same velocity.
d. The velocity of an object at rest is considered to be uniform.
Answer:
a. When an object falls freely to the ground, it is under the effect of a constant force known as the force of gravity. No other forces act on it. Hence, from Newton's second law of motion, we can say that this constant force of gravity accelerates the freely falling object uniformly. This uniform acceleration is known as the acceleration due to gravity which acts towards the centre and is denoted by g.
b. When two bodies interact, the action and reaction forces come into action. Even though their magnitude are the same and their direction are opposite, their effects do not get cancelled because these action and reaction forces do not act on the same body.
d. Velocity of an object is said to be uniform when its speed and direction does not change. The object at rest has a uniform speed of zero all the time and does not even change the direction. Hence, the velocity of an object at rest is considered to be uniform.
a. When an object falls freely to the ground, it is under the effect of a constant force known as the force of gravity. No other forces act on it. Hence, from Newton's second law of motion, we can say that this constant force of gravity accelerates the freely falling object uniformly. This uniform acceleration is known as the acceleration due to gravity which acts towards the centre and is denoted by g.
b. When two bodies interact, the action and reaction forces come into action. Even though their magnitude are the same and their direction are opposite, their effects do not get cancelled because these action and reaction forces do not act on the same body.
d. Velocity of an object is said to be uniform when its speed and direction does not change. The object at rest has a uniform speed of zero all the time and does not even change the direction. Hence, the velocity of an object at rest is considered to be uniform.
Question 6:
Take 5 examples from your surroundings and give explanation based on Newton's laws of motion.
Answer:
If we try to push an empty cart and a cart full of bricks, it would be easier to push an empty cart than the cart full of bricks. This happens because the inertia of the cart full of bricks is more than the empty cart and by Newton's first law of motion we know that more inertia, more force is required to change the state of rest of a body.
If we push a bicycle and a car with the same force, the bicycle will have greater acceleration than the car because the bicycle has less mass compared to the car.
When we place a book on the table, the book does not fall. This is because the same amount of force is applied by the table on the book as is applied by the book on the table.
Our walking is an example of Newton's third law of motion. When we walk we push the ground in backward direction with some force. The ground in reaction pushes us forward with the same force.
When we shake a tree, the leaves of the tree fall to the ground. This is because the leaves were in the inertia of rest before shaking of tree. So when the tree was shaken, they fall down to attain their inertia of rest again.
If we try to push an empty cart and a cart full of bricks, it would be easier to push an empty cart than the cart full of bricks. This happens because the inertia of the cart full of bricks is more than the empty cart and by Newton's first law of motion we know that more inertia, more force is required to change the state of rest of a body.
If we push a bicycle and a car with the same force, the bicycle will have greater acceleration than the car because the bicycle has less mass compared to the car.
When we place a book on the table, the book does not fall. This is because the same amount of force is applied by the table on the book as is applied by the book on the table.
Our walking is an example of Newton's third law of motion. When we walk we push the ground in backward direction with some force. The ground in reaction pushes us forward with the same force.
When we shake a tree, the leaves of the tree fall to the ground. This is because the leaves were in the inertia of rest before shaking of tree. So when the tree was shaken, they fall down to attain their inertia of rest again.
Question 7:
