Match the following:
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Group A
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Group B
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Monopoly
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Public monopoly
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Product differentiation
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Abnormal profit
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Railway
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Monopolistic Competition
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Perfect Competition
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Prof. Chamberlin
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Pure Competition
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Homogenous product
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Cartel
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Selling cost
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Answer:
|
Group A
|
Group B
|
|
Monopoly
|
Abnormal profit
|
|
Product differentiation
|
Monopolistic Competition
|
|
Railway
|
Public monopoly
|
|
Perfect Competition
|
Homogenous product
|
|
Pure Competition
|
Prof. Chamberlin
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1. A monopolist has complete control on the price of the good. This means that a monopolist can make high profits by selling at high prices. He can even increase profits by controlling the supply of the good. Thus, we can say that a monopolist can make abnormal profits.
2. In monopolistic competition, the products sold by the producers are highly differentiated from each other; i.e., they are not the same or homogeneous in nature. Product differentiation is an important feature of the monopolistic type of market.
3. The Indian railways are regarded as the public monopoly because the railways in India are solely owned and controlled by the government. No other private party provides railways services in India. Hence, we can say that the Indian Railways enjoys the monopoly in the railways sector.
4. Under perfect competition, there are a large number of buyers and sellers. The commodities sold by the sellers in a perfectly competitive market are homogeneous in nature. In other words, the product of each and every firm in the market is a perfect substitute to others’ products in terms of quantity, quality, colour, size, features, etc.
5. The concept of a pure competition market was initially suggested by Professor Chamberlin. He listed four conditions necessary for a pure competition market structure:
i. Large number of buyers and sellers,
ii. Homogeneous product
iii. Free entry and exit for firms
iv. Independent decision making.
